Desiring education, exhibiting agency, experiencing systemic obstacles: Re-examining the perceptions and experiences of education among Indigenous and non-Indigenous students in Australia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55146/ajie.v54i1.626Keywords:
theory of planned behaviour, perceived benefit of education, self-efficacy, Indigenous education, school completionAbstract
We present new findings from a Western Australian mixed-methods study exploring a sample of Indigenous and non-Indigenous secondary school students’ (N = 536) experiences and perceptions of school. Respondents hailed largely from remote or regional Western Australia, although approximately half attended boarding school. This article presents findings of multivariate analysis of responses to the Multi-Dimensional Student Perceptions of School Questionnaire (MSPSQ) and identifies that Indigenous and non-Indigenous students in this study were found to be equally likely to report a positive perception of the benefit of education and the importance of attending and completing year 12, and equally likely to experience family support for education. Yet, student experience of positive school culture, career development opportunities and access to study environment significantly differed across schools. Despite equivalencies across groups regarding perceived importance of completing school, Indigenous students were significantly less likely than non-Indigenous students to express an intention to go on to further education beyond year 12.
Downloads
References
Anderson, P. J., Yip, S. Y., & Diamond, Z. M. (2022). Getting schools ready for Indigenous academic achievement: A meta-synthesis of the issues and challenges in Australian schools. International Studies in Sociology of Education, 32(4), 1152–1175. https://doi.org/10.1080/09620214.2021.2025142 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09620214.2021.2025142
Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2020). Schools. Retrieved Feb 23, 2024, from https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/education/schools/2020
Australian Education Union. (2024). Ending the capital funding divide in Australia’s schools. Retrieved Feb 23, 2024, from https://www.aeufederal.org.au/application/files/2017/0786/9634/EndingCapitalFundingDivideAustralianSchools.pdf
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2023). Primary and secondary schooling. https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/australias-welfare/primary-and-secondary-schooling
Behrendt, L. Y., Larkin, S., Griew, R., & Kelly, P. (2012). Review of higher education access and outcomes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people: Final report. Australian Government, Department of Industry, Innovation, Science, Research and Tertiary Education.
Biddle, N. (2010). A human capital approach to the educational marginalisation of Indigenous Australians. CAEPR working paper no. 67/2010. Australian National University Centre for Aboriginal Economic Policy Research.
Bodkin-Andrews, G., Clark, T., & Foster, S. (2019). Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander secondary students’ experiences of racism. In S. Ratuva (Ed.), The Palgrave handbook of ethnicity. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0242-8_106-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2898-5_106
Bodkin-Andrews, G., Dillon, A., & Craven, R. (2010). Bangawarra’gumada – Strengthening the spirit: Causal modelling of academic self-concept and patterns of disengagement for Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australian students. The Australian Journal of Indigenous Education, 39(1), 24–39. https://doi.org/10.1375/S1326011100000892 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1375/S1326011100000892
Bodkin-Andrews, G., O’Rourke, V., Grant, R., Denson, N., & Craven, R. G. (2010). Validating racism and cultural respect: Testing the psychometric properties and educational impact of perceived discrimination and multiculturation for Indigenous and non-Indigenous students. Educational Research and Evaluation, 16(6), 471–493. https://doi.org/10.1080/13803611.2010.550497 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13803611.2010.550497
Brown, L. (2019). Indigenous young people, disadvantage and the violence of settler colonial education policy and curriculum. Journal of Sociology, 55(1), 54–71. https://doi.org/10.1177/ 1440783318794295 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1440783318794295
Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2011). Research methods in education (7th ed.). Routledge.
Dadi, A. F., He, V., Guenther, J., Su, J-Y., Ober, R., & Guthridge, S. (2024). Transitional pathways through middle school for First Nations students in the Northern Territory of Australia. Australian Educational Researcher, 51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13384-023-00655-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13384-023-00655-3
Dandy, J., Durkin, K., Barber, B. L., & Houghton, S. (2015). Academic expectations of Australian students from Aboriginal, Asian and Anglo backgrounds: Perspectives of teachers, trainee-teachers and students. International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 62(1), 60–82. https://doi.org/10.1080/1034912X.2014.984591 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1034912X.2014.984591
Gonski, D., Boston, K., Greiner, K., Lawrence, C., Scales, B., & Tannock, P. (2011). Review of funding for schooling: Final report. Australian Government, Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations. Retrieved Feb 23, 2024, from https://www.education.gov.au/school-funding/resources/review-funding-schooling-final-report-december-2011
Gore, J., Patfield, S., Holmes, K., Smith, M., Lloyd, A., Gruppetta, M., Weaver, N., & Fray, L. (2017). When higher education is possible but not desirable: Widening participation and the aspirations of Australian Indigenous school students. Australian Journal of Education, 61(2), 164–183. https://doi.org/10.1177/0004944117710841 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0004944117710841
Guenther, J. (2021). Taken for a ride? The disconnect between high school completion, employment and income for remote Australian First Nations peoples. Race Ethnicity and Education, 24(1), 132–147. https://doi.org/10.1080/13613324.2020.1753674 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13613324.2020.1753674
Guenther, J., Disbray, S., Benveniste, T., & Osborne, S. (2017). “Red dirt” schools and pathways into higher education. In J. Frawley, S. Larkin & J. A. Smith (Eds.), Indigenous pathways, transitions and participation in higher education: From policy to practice (pp. 251–272). Springer Open. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4062-7_15
Guenther, J., & Fogarty, B. (2020). Examining remote Australian First Nations boarding through capital theory lenses. Critical Studies in Education, 61(5), 594–610. https://doi.org/10.1080/17508487.2018.1543201 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17508487.2018.1543201
Harwood, V., McMahon, S., O’Shea, S., Bodkin-Andrews, G., & Priestly, A. (2015). Recognising aspiration: The AIME program’s effectiveness in inspiring Indigenous young people’s participation in schooling and opportunities for further education and employment. Australian Educational Researcher, 42(2), 217–236. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13384-015-0174-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13384-015-0174-3
Jackson-Barrett, E., & Lee-Hammond, L. (2019). Education for assimilation: A brief history of Aboriginal education in Western Australia. In O. Kortekangas, P. Keskitalo, J. Nyyssönen, A. Kotljarchuk, M. Paksuniemi & D. Sjögren (Eds.), Sámi educational history in a comparative international perspective (pp. 299–316). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24112-4_17 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24112-4_17
Karmel, T., & Liu, S. H. (2011). Which paths work for which young people? Longitudinal surveys of Australian youth. Research report 57. National Centre for Vocational Education Research Ltd.
Keddie, A., Gowlett, C., Mills, M., Monk, S., & Renshaw, P. (2013). Beyond culturalism: Addressing issues of Indigenous disadvantage through schooling. Australian Educational Researcher, 40(1), 91–108. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13384-012-0080-x
Macdonald, M., Booth, S., & Jackson-Barrett, E. (2024). An ecosystem of knowledge: Relationality as a framework for teachers to infuse Indigenous perspectives in curriculum. Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education, 52(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/1359866X.2024.2314285 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1359866X.2024.2314285
Macdonald, M., Booth, S., Mills, H., & Somerville, R. (2023). The power of role-modelling: White teacher educators normalising anti-racism and cultural reflexivity for white pre-service teachers. Whiteness and Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/23793406.2023.2275120 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23793406.2023.2275120
Macdonald, M., & Gringart, E. (2022). Validation of the Multi-Dimensional Student Perceptions of School Questionnaire (MSPSQ): Early findings and next steps. The Australian Journal of Indigenous Education, 51(2). https://doi.org/10.55146/ajie.v51i2.39 DOI: https://doi.org/10.55146/ajie.v51i2.39
Macdonald, M., Gringart, E., Garvey, D., & Hayward, K. (2022). Broadening academia: An epistemic shift towards relationality. Higher Education Research & Development, 42(3), 649–663. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2022.2087602 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2022.2087602
Macdonald, M., Gringart, E., Ngarritjan Kessaris, T., Cooper, M., & Gray, J. (2018). A “better” education: An examination of the utility of boarding school for Indigenous secondary students in Western Australia. Australian Journal of Education, 62(2), 192–216. https://doi.org/10.1177/0004944118776762 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0004944118776762
Mander, D. J., Cohen, L., & Pooley, J. A. (2015). A critical exploration of staff perceptions of Aboriginal boarding students’ experiences. Australian Journal of Education, 59(3), 312–328. https://doi.org/10.1177/0004944115607538 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0004944115607538
Martin, A., Ginns, P., Anderson, M., Gibson, R., & Bishop, M. (2021). Motivation and engagement among Indigenous (Aboriginal Australian) and non-Indigenous students. Educational Psychology, 41(4), 424–445. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2021.1879994 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2021.1879994
Maxwell, J., Lowe, K., & Salter, P. (2018). The re-creation and resolution of the “problem” of Indigenous education in the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cross-curriculum priority. Australian Educational Researcher, 45(2), 161–177. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13384-017-0254-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13384-017-0254-7
Mirowsky, J., & Ross, C. (2017). Education, social status and health. Taylor and Francis. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351328081
Moodie, N., Maxwell, J., & Rudolph, S. (2019). The impact of racism on the schooling experiences of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students: A systematic review. Australian Educational Researcher, 46(2), 273–295. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13384-019-00312-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13384-019-00312-8
Munns, G., Martin, A., & Craven, R. (2008). To free the spirit? Motivation and engagement of Indigenous students. The Australian Journal of Indigenous Education, 37(1), 98–107. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1326011100016148
O’Bryan, M. (2016). Shaping futures, shaping lives: An investigation into the lived experience of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students in Australian boarding schools [Doctoral thesis]. University of Melbourne. https://minerva-access.unimelb.edu.au/items/301ac980-a5a2-5dea-a345-69ea5a0f97ee
Polidano, C., Hanel, B., & Buddelmeyer, H. (2013). Explaining the socioeconomic status school completion gap. Education Economics, 21(3), 230–247. https://doi.org/10.1080/09645292.2013.789482 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09645292.2013.789482
Productivity Commission. (2022). Review of the National School Reform Agreement: Study report overview. Australian Government. Retrieved Feb 23, 2024, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-3143312473
Productivity Commission. (2023). Closing the Gap: Annual data compilation report July 2023. Australian Government. https://www.pc.gov.au/closing-the-gap-data/annual-data-report/2023
Ross, C., & Mirowsky, J. (2011). The interaction of personal and parental education on health. Social Science and Medicine, 72(4), 591–599. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.11.028
Rutherford, K., McCalman, J., & Bainbridge, R. (2019). The post-schooling transitions of remote Indigenous secondary school graduates: A systematic scoping review of support strategies. Australian and International Journal of Rural Education, 29(2), 8–25. https://doi.org/10.47381/aijre.v29i2.222 DOI: https://doi.org/10.47381/aijre.v29i2.222
Sarra, C., Spillman, D., Jackson, C., Davis, J., & Bray, J. (2020). High-expectations relationships: A foundation for enacting high expectations in all Australian schools. The Australian Journal of Indigenous Education, 49(1), 32–45. https://doi.org/10.1017/jie.2018.10 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/jie.2018.10
Smith, J., Trinidad, S., & Larkin, S. (2015). Participation in higher education in Australia among under-represented groups: What can we learn from the Higher Education Participation Program to better support Indigenous learners? Learning Communities: International Journal of Learning in Social Contexts. Special Issue: Indigenous Pathways and Transitions into Higher Education, 17, 12–29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18793/LCJ2015.17.02
Walter, M. (2018). The voice of Indigenous data: Beyond the markers of disadvantage. Griffith Review, 60, 256–63.
Wilks, J., Dwyer, A., Wooltorton, S., & Guenther, J. (2020). “We got a different way of learning”: A message to the sector from Aboriginal students living and studying in remote communities. Australian Universities’ Review, 62(2), 25–38.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Mary-anne Macdonald, Eyal Gringart, Terry Kessaris, Renae Isaacs-Guthridge

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The Australian Journal of Indigenous Education is in the process of transitioning to fully Open Access. Most articles are available as Open Access but some are currently Free Access whereby copyright still applies and if you wish to re-use the article permission will need to be sought from the copyright holder. This article's license terms are outlined at the URL above.


