Contributions to urban Indigenous self-determination: the story of Neeginan and Kaupapa Māori
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1017/jie.2020.26Keywords:
Education, Indigenous, Maori, policy, self-determination, urbanAbstract
AbstractThis paper considers two different Indigenous-led initiatives, the Neeginan initiative (Winnipeg, Canada) and the Kaupapa Māori movement (New Zealand), within the context of urban Indigenous self-determination, examining the role, or contributions of, each towards the realisation of Indigenous self-determination. Neeginan originates from, and focuses on, building a sense of community, through education programs, social assistance and affordable housing, with local Indigenous knowledge providing the foundational guiding principles. This is compared to the Kaupapa Māori movement's role in the revival of traditional cultural and language practices in education, which has resulted in the development of an overwhelmingly successful parallel non-government school system based on Māori culture, language and philosophy.
Downloads
References
Albers G (2015) Treaties 1 and 2. [online] The Canadian Encyclopedia. Available at http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/treaties-1-and-2/.
Alfred T (2009) Colonialism and state dependency. Journal of Aboriginal Health 5, 42–60.
Alfred T (2015) Cultural strength: restoring the place of Indigenous knowledge in practice and policy. Australian Aboriginal Studies 1, 3–11.
Alfred T and Corntassel J (2005) Being Indigenous: resurgences against contemporary colonialism. Government and Opposition 40, 597–614.
Bear T and Andersen C (2017). Three years later, is Canada keeping its Truth and Reconciliation Commission promises? The Globe and Mail. Available at The Globe and Mail website: https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/three-years-later-is-canada-keeping-its-truth-and-reconciliation-commission-promises/article34790925/.
CAHRD (2018) CAHRD Annual Report 2015–2018 Final ASETS Extension Years. Available at http://cahrd.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/CAHRD_AR-2015-2018.pdf.
Calman R (2012) Māori education—mātauranga, Te Ara. The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Available at https://teara.govt.nz/en/maori-education-matauranga/print
Cash M (2015). $500,000 A Good Investment. Money Got Centre Rolling. Winnipeg, Manitoba: Winnipeg Free Press. Available at https://www.winnipegfreepress.com/breakingnews/500000-a-good-investment-295128721.html.
CBC News (2012) National Aboriginal Health Organization's funding cut. Available at CBC official website: https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/national-aboriginal-health-organization-s-funding-cut-1.1194520.
City of Winnipeg (2008) South Point Douglas Neighbourhood. [PDF] Winnipeg, pp. 1–61. Available at http://winnipeg.ca/ppd/planning/Secondary_Plans/SouthPointDouglas/SPD_nhbd_inv.pdf.
Christensen I (2001) Ko te Whare Whakamana: Māori Language Revitalisation (PhD thesis). Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
Circle of Life Thunderbird House (2018) Available at Circle of Life Thunderbird House website: https://thunderbirdhouse.ca/about/.
Craft A (2011) Breathing Life into the Stone Fort Treaty (Master's thesis). University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
Crookshanks JD (2012) Urban housing and Aboriginal governance. In Newhouse D, FitzMaurice K, McGuire-Adams T, and Jetté D (eds), Well-Being in the Urban Aboriginal Community. Toronto, Canada: Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc, pp. 55–72.
Dobbie D (2018) Neeginan centre a catalyst for change. Manitoba Post. Available at Manitoba Post website: https://www.manitobapost.com/national-news/neeginan-centre-a-catalyst-for-change-114020.
Durie M (2012) Interview. Kaupapa Māori: shifting the social. New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies 47, 21–29.
Environics Institute (2010) Urban Aboriginal Peoples Study. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Environics Institute.
Fontaine T (2015) For Indigenous people, inquiries can fuel change—but only if governments act. Available at CBC website: https://www.cbc.ca/news/aboriginal/indigenous-peoples-inquiry-analysis-1.3354869.
Government of Canada (1996) Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples. Report of the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples. Vol. 5: Renewal: A Twenty-Year Commitment. Available at Government of Canada website: http://data2.archives.ca/e/e448/e011188230-05.pdf.
Government of Canada (2017) Government of Canada sets a principled foundation for advancing renewed relationships with Indigenous peoples based on the recognition of rights. Available at: Government of Canada website: https://www.canada.ca/en/department-justice/news/2017/07/government_of_canadasetsaprincipledfoundationforadvancingrenewed.html?wbdisable=true.
Government of Canada (2019) Truth and reconciliation commission of Canada. Available at Government of Canada website: https://www.rcaanc-cirnac.gc.ca/eng/1450124405592/1529106060525.
Henry E and Pene H (2001) Kaupapa Māori: locating Indigenous ontology, epistemology and methodology in the academy. Organization 8, 234–242.
Heritz J (2012) Urban Aboriginal self-determination in Toronto. In Newhouse D, FitzMaurice K, McGuire-Adams T and Jetté D (eds), Well-being in the Urban Aboriginal Community: Fostering Biimaadiziwin, a National Research Conference on Urban Aboriginal Peoples. Toronto: Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc, pp. 43–54.
Hildebrand J (2012) Our place, our home: Indigenous planning, urban space, and decolonization in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Available at http://prxy.lib.unbc.ca/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.prxy.lib.unbc.ca/docview/1506937619?accountid=14601.
Leo C (2011) Funding or dividing Aboriginal communities? A Winnipeg case study. Policy Options 43, 87–91.
Mane J (2009) Kaupapa Māori: a community approach. Mai Review 3, 9.
Murphy P (2016) A case study on the Neeginan learning and literacy centre in Winnipeg. Manitoba. Canadian Journal of Native Studies 36, 189–206.
National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls (no date) Reclaiming Power and Place: The Final Report of the National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls. Available at https://www.mmiwg-ffada.ca/final-report.
Neeginan Centre (2018) Available at Neeginan Centre website: https://neeginancentre.com/.
Nepe TM (1991) E Hao Nei E Tenei Reanga, Te Toi Huarewa Tipuna: Kaupapa Maori, an Educational Intervention System (Masters thesis). University of Auckland.
O'Toole D (2008) Métis claims to ‘Indian’ title in Manitoba, 1860–1870. Canadian Journal of Native Studies 2, 241–270.
Palmer G (2013) Māori, the Treaty and the Constitution. Māori Law Review, Victoria University of Wellington Legal Research Paper Series Palmer Paper No. 28. Available at http://Māorilawreview.co.nz/2013/06/Māori-the-treaty-and-the-constitution-rt-hon-sir-geoffrey-palmer-qc/.
Paul A (2017) A Quiet Success Story Downtown Indigenous Campus Celebrates 25 Years of Getting People on the Right Track. Winnipeg, Manitoba: Winnipeg Free Press. Available at https://www.winnipegfreepress.com/local/a-quiet-success-story-462916713.html.
Picard A (2018) Harper's disregard for Aboriginal health. Available at Globe and Mail official website: https://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/health-and-fitness/harpers-disregard-for-aboriginal-health/article4223490/.
Rata E and Tamati T (2013) The effect of Indigenous politics on English language provision in New Zealand's Māori schools. Journal of Language Identity & Education 12, 262–276.
Reynolds T (1990) The treaty today—What went wrong and what are we doing about it? Available at https://www.nzgeo.com/stories/the-treaty-today-what-went-wrong-and-what-are-we-doing-about-it.
Saint Elizabeth Health Care (2018) Naho publications and resources. Available at First Nations, Inuit & Métis Program website: https://fnim.sehc.com/se-learning/naho-publications-and-resources.
Smith GH (2003) Indigenous struggle for the transformation of education and schooling. Keynote Address to the Alaskan Federation of Natives (AFN) Convention. Anchorage Alaska, U.S. Available at http://www.ankn.uaf.edu/curriculum/Articles/GrahamSmith/.
Spear WK (2014) Aboriginal healing foundation closes after 16 years of operation. Available at Aboriginal Healing Foundation website: http://www.ahf.ca/downloads/september-29-2014-press-release.pdf.
Statistics Canada (2016) Census profile, 2016. Winnipeg. Available at Statistics Canada website: https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&Data=Count&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&TABID=1&B1=All&Code1=4611040&SearchText=winnipeg.
StatsNZ (2013) 2013 Census QuickStats about Māori. Available at http://archive.stats.govt.nz/Census/2013-census/profile-and-summary-reports/quickstats-about-maori-english/location.aspx.
Taylor J (1983) An historical introduction to Metis claims in Canada. The Canadian Journal of Native Studies III 1, 151–181.
Tocker K (2015) The origins of kura kaupapa Māori. New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies 50, 23–38.
Troian M (2016) 20 years since Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples, still waiting for change. Available at CBC website: https://www.cbc.ca/news/indigenous/20-year-anniversary-of-rcap-report-1.3469759.
UNESCO (2010) Reaching the Marginalized: EFA Global Monitoring Report, 2010. Paris, France: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
United Nations (2008) United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. Retrieved from United Nations website: https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/DRIPS_en.pdf.
Van Meijl T (2006) Multiple identifications and the dialogical self: urban Māori youngsters and the cultural renaissance. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 12, 917–933.
Ward A (1991) Interpreting the Treaty of Waitangi: the Māori resurgence and race relations in New Zealand. The Contemporary Pacific 3, 85–113. Available at http://www.jstor.org.prxy.lib.unbc.ca/stable/23701489.
Wurm SA (1991) Language death and disappearance: causes and circumstances. Diogenes 39, 1–18.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 The Author(s)The Australian Journal of Indigenous Education is in the process of transitioning to fully Open Access. Most articles are available as Open Access but some are currently Free Access whereby copyright still applies and if you wish to re-use the article permission will need to be sought from the copyright holder. This article's license terms are outlined at the URL above.
