Western Australian Aboriginal young women and community representatives identify barriers to school attendance and solutions to school non-attendance

Authors

  • Rose Whitau Shooting Stars, Glass Jar Australia Ltd.
  • Latoya Bolton-Black Shooting Stars, Glass Jar Australia Ltd.
  • Helen Ockerby Garnduwa Amboorny Wirnan
  • Lowana Corley Shooting Stars, Glass Jar Australia Ltd.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55146/ajie.v51i2.22

Keywords:

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander education, school attendance, yarning circles, Indigenous methods, student voice

Abstract

The barriers to school attendance that affect young Aboriginal people in Australia are diverse, immense and well documented; however, except for a handful of studies, Aboriginal students’ voices receive no platform for policy makers to hear them. In this paper, we present results from yarning circles about barriers to school attendance conducted with young Aboriginal women that participate in an education engagement program called Shooting Stars at Narrogin Senior High School. Yarning circles were facilitated, analysed and discussed within a framework of relatedness, with the researchers embracing their own standpoint, and the standpoint of the Shooting Stars participants, as Indigenous women. The results from these participant yarning circles were discussed with the Shooting Stars Narrogin localised steering committee, and this discussion is presented here, alongside the outcomes, both achieved and projected, to which committee stakeholders have committed. For the most part, the participants and the steering committee discussed racism, teacher–student relationships, and peer connectedness, and how these were related to participant attendance and engagement at school. This paper showcases the power of the yarning circle as a tool for collaboration in that it provides a space to create cohesion through conversation, through contention and through sharing.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Rose Whitau, Shooting Stars, Glass Jar Australia Ltd.

Rose Whitau is a New Zealand Māori (Kāi Tahu, Kāti Mamoe, Waitaha) and Pākehā (New Zealand European) woman. Rose was the Regional Manager for the Shooting Stars program in the Mid West, Gascoyne and Goldfields regions from 2016 to 2018 and has been the Shooting Stars Research Manager since October 2019.

Latoya Bolton-Black, Shooting Stars, Glass Jar Australia Ltd.

Latoya Bolton-Black is a Nyoongar, Yamatji woman and was the Program Coordinator at Narrogin Senior High School from 2018 to 2019 and Regional Manager for Greater Western Australia from 2019 to 2021. She is currently the Shooting Stars Operations Manager.

Helen Ockerby, Garnduwa Amboorny Wirnan

Helen Ockerby is a Bardi-Jawi, Nyoongar woman and was the Regional Manager of the Kimberley region and worked for the Shooting Stars program from January 2016 until January 2020. She is now a Director of Glass Jar Australia and West Australian Country Football League.

Lowana Corley, Shooting Stars, Glass Jar Australia Ltd.

Lowana Corley is from the Kungarakan, Paperbark Peoples, Finniss River Northern Territory and has over 20 years’ experience working in various roles for Western Australia’s Department of Education. She was the Curriculum Development Coordinator for the Shooting Stars program from 2019 to 2020. Since 2021, she has managed the Shooting Stars program across various regions including the Mid West, Gascoyne, Goldfields, and Perth metro. Lowana is now the Regional Manager of Greater Western Australia.

References

Aldridge, J. M., & McChesney, K. (2018). The relationships between school climate and adolescent mental health and wellbeing: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Educational Research, 88, 121–145. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2018.01.012

Andrews, S. (2020). Qualitative analysis at the interface of Indigenous and Western knowledge systems: The herringbone stitch model. Qualitative Research, 21(6). https://doi/10.1177/1468794120965365 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1468794120965365

Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2017). 2016 Census quickstats. Retrieved January 14, 2020, from https://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/censushome.nsf/home/quickstats?opendocument&navpos=220

Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority (ACARA). (2019). Measurement framework for schooling in Australia 2019.

Bessarab, D., & Ng’andu, B. (2010). Yarning about yarning as a legitimate method in Indigenous research. International Journal of Critical Indigenous Studies, 3(1), 37–50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5204/ijcis.v3i1.57

Bird, S., Wiles, J. L., Okalik, L., Kilabuk, J., & Egeland, G. M. (2009). Methodological consideration of story telling in qualitative research involving Indigenous peoples. Global Health Promotion, 16(4), 16–26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1757975909348111

Bodkin-Andrews, G., & Carlson, B. (2016). The legacy of racism and Indigenous Australian identity within education. Race Ethnicity and Education, 19(4), 784–807. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13613324.2014.969224

Bodkin-Andrews, G., Ha, M., Craven, R., & Yeung, A. (2010). Construct validation and latent mean differences for the self-concepts of Indigenous and non-Indigenous students. International Journal of Testing, 10(1), 47–79. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15305050903352065

Bourke, C. J., Rigby, K., & Burden, J. (2000). Better practice in school attendance: Improving the school attendance of Indigenous students. Monash University.

Cohen, J., McCabe, E. M., Michelli, N. M., & Pickerall, T. (2009). School climate: Research, policy, practice, and teacher education. Teachers College Record, 111, 180–213. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/016146810911100108

Commonwealth of Australia. (1985). Aboriginal education. Australian Government Publishing Services.

Commonwealth of Australia. (1995). National review of education for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples final report. Australian Government Publishing Services.

Commonwealth of Australia. (2018). Closing the gap prime minister’s report 2018. Australian Government, Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet.

Cothran, D., & Ennis, C. (2000). Building bridges to student engagement: Communicating respect and care for students in urban high schools. Journal of Research and Development in Education 33, 106–117.

De Maio, J. A., Zubrick, S. R., Silburn, S. R., Lawrence, D. M., Mitrou, F. G., Dalby, R. B., Blair, E. M., Griffin, J., Milroy, H., & Cox A. (2005). The Western Australian Aboriginal child health survey: Measuring the social and emotional wellbeing of Aboriginal children and intergenerational effects of forced separation. Curtin University of Technology and Telethon Institute for Child Health Research.

Denzin, N., & Lincoln, Y. (2008). Introduction: Critical methodologies and Indigenous inquiry. In N. Denzin, Y. Lincoln & L. Smith (Eds.), Handbook of critical and Indigenous methodologies (pp. 1–20). SAGE. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781483385686.n1

Donovan, M. J. (2015). Aboriginal student stories, the missing voice to guide us towards change. The Australian Educational Researcher, 42(5), 613–625. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13384-015-0182-3

Egeberg, H., & McConney, A. (2018). What do students believe about effective classroom management? A mixed-methods investigation in Western Australian high schools. The Australian Educational Researcher, 45(2), 195–216. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13384-017-0250-y

Eldridge, L. A. (2008). Indigenous research methodologies in art education. Journal of Cultural Research in Art Education, 26, 40–50.

Etherington, (2006). Learning to be Kunwinjku: Kunwinjku people discuss their pedagogy [Unpublished PhD Thesis]. Charles Darwin University.

Ferreira, M., & Bosworth, K. (2001). Defining caring teachers: Adolescents’ perspectives. Journal of Classroom Interaction, 36(1), 24–30.

Fitzgerald, R. T. (1976). Poverty and education in Australia, fifth main report. Australian Government Publishers Service.

Fogarty, W. P. (2010). Learning through country: Competing knowledge systems and place based pedagogy. Australian National University.

Foley, D. (2003). Indigenous epistemology and Indigenous standpoint theory. Social Alternatives, 22(1), 44–52.

Garrett, T., Barr, J., & Rothman, T. (2009). Perspectives on caring in the classroom: Do they vary according to ethnicity or grade level? Adolescence, 44, 505–521.

Garza, R., Ryser, G., & Lee, K. (2010). Illuminating adolescent voices: Identifying high school students’ perceptions of teacher caring. Empirical Research, 7(4), 1–16.

Gray, J., & Beresford, Q. (2002). Aboriginal non-attendance at school: Revisiting the debate. The Australian Educational Researcher, 29(1), 27–42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03219768

Green, J. (2017). Taking more account of Indigenous feminism, an introduction. In J. Green (Ed.), Making space for Indigenous feminism (2nd ed., pp. 1–20). Fernwood Publishing.

Guenther, J., Disbray, S., & Osborne, S. (2015). Building on “red dirt” perspectives: What counts as important for remote education? The Australian Journal of Indigenous Education, 44(2), 194–206. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/jie.2015.20

Guenther, J., Harrison, N., & Burgess, C. (2019). Aboriginal voices: Systematic reviews of Indigenous education. The Australian Educational Researcher, 46(2), 207–211. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13384-019-00316-4

Harris, T. (1990). Talking is not enough: A review of the education of traditionally oriented Aboriginal people in the Northern Territory. Office of the Minister for Education, the Arts and Cultural Affairs.

Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission. (2000). Education access: National inquiry into rural and remote education. Commonwealth of Australia. https://www.humanrights.gov.au/sites/default/files/content/pdf/human_rights/rural_remote/Access_final.pdf

Kovach, M. (2010a). Conversational method in Indigenous research. First Peoples Child & Family Review, 5(1), 40–48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7202/1069060ar

Kovach, M. (2010b). Indigenous methodologies: Characteristics, conversations, and contexts. University of Toronto Press.

Lowe, K., Harrison, N., Tennent, C., Guenther, J., Vass, G., & Moodie, N. (2019). Factors affecting the development of school and Indigenous community engagement: A systematic review. The Australian Educational Researcher, 46(2), 253–271. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13384-019-00314-6

Martin, K. (2003). Ways of knowing, ways of being and ways of doing: A theoretical framework and methods for Indigenous research and Indigenist research. Journal of Australian Studies, 27(76), 203–214. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14443050309387838

Martin, K. (2008). Please knock before you enter: Aboriginal regulation of outsiders and the implications for researchers. Post Pressed.

Martino, W. (2003). “We just get really fired up”: Indigenous boys, masculinities and schooling. Discourse, 24(2), 159–174. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01596300303037

Moodie, N., Maxwell, J., & Rudolph, S. (2019). The impact of racism on the schooling experiences of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students: A systematic review. The Australian Educational Researcher, 46(2), 273–295. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13384-019-00312-8

Moreton-Robinson, A. (2000). Talkin’ up to the white woman: Indigenous women and feminism. University of Queensland Press.

Nassar-McMillan, S. C., Karvonen, M., Perez, T. R., & Abrams, L. P. (2009). Identity development and school climate: The role of the school counselor. The Journal of Humanistic Counseling, Education and Development, 48, 195–214. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1939.2009.tb00078.x

Northern Territory Department of Education. (1986). Aboriginal education in the Northern Territory: A situation report, June 1986.

Northern Territory Department of Education. (1999). Learning lessons – An independent review of Indigenous education in the Northern Territory. Northern Territory Government.

NSW Aboriginal Education Consultative Group and NSW Department of Education and Training. (2004). The report of the review of Aboriginal education: Yanigurra muya: Ganggurrinyma yaarri guurulaw yirringin.gurray: Freeing the spirit: Dreaming an equal future. NSW Department of Education and Training.

Olweus, D. (2013). School bullying: Development and some important challenges. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 9, 751–780. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185516

Rigney, L-I. (1999). Internationalization of an Indigenous anticolonial cultural critique of research methodologies: A guide to Indigenist research methodology and its principles. Wíĉazo Ŝa Review, 14(2), 109–121. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1409555

Robinson, G., & Tyler, W. (2020). The child, between school, family and community: Understanding the transition to school for Aboriginal children in Australia’s Northern Territory. In R. Midford, G. Nutton, B. Hyndman & S. Silburn (Eds.), Health and education interdependence (pp. 135–156). Springer. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3959-6_8

Rogers, J. (2017). Photoyarn: Aboriginal and Māori girls’ researching contemporary boarding school experiences. Australian Aboriginal Studies, 1, 3–13.

Sanderson, V., & Allard, A. (2003). “Research as dialogue” and cross-cultural consultations: Confronting relations of power. The Australian Educational Researcher, 30(1), 19–39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03216779

Scheurich, J. J., & Young, M. D. (1997). Coloring epistemologies: Are our research epistemologies racially biased? Educational researcher, 26(4), 4–16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X026004004

Sharif, B. (2001). The ambiguity of boundaries in the fieldwork experience: Establishing rapport and negotiating insider/outsider status. Qualitative Inquiry, 7(4), 436–447. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/107780040100700403

Simpson, L., McFadden, M., & Munns, G. (2001). “Someone has to go through”: Indigenous boys, staying on at school and negotiating masculinities. In W. Martino & B. Meyenn (Eds.), What about the boys? Issues of masculinity in schools (pp. 154–168). Open University Press.

Smith, L. T. (1999). Decolonizing methodologies: Research and Indigenous peoples. Zed Books.

Thomson, S., De Bortoli, L., & Buckley, S. (2013). PISA 2012: How Australia measures up: The PISA 2012 assessment of students’ mathematical, scientific and reading literacy. ACER.

Tuck, E., & McKenzie, M. (2014). Place in research: Theory, methodology, and methods. Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315764849

Walter, M., Martin, K. L., & Bodkin-Andrews, G. (2017). Indigenous children growing up strong: A longitudinal study of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander families. Springer. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-53435-4

Watts, B. H., & Gallacher, J. D. (1964). Report on an investigation into the curriculum and teaching methods used in Aboriginal schools in the Northern Territory, to the Honourable C. E. Barnes, Minister of State for Territories. Darwin, Northern Territory.

Whitau, R., & Ockerby, H. (2019). Yarning with the Stars project: An Indigenous evaluation protocol for a sport for development and peace program. Journal of Sport for Development, 7(13), 46–54.

Wilson, B. (2014). A share in the future: Review of Indigenous education in the Northern Territory. Department of Education.

Woolfolk Hoy, A., & Weinstein, C. S. (2006). Student and teacher perspectives on classroom management. In C. M. Evertson & C. S. Weinstein (Eds.), Handbook of classroom management: Research, practice, and contemporary issues (pp. 181–219). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Zubrick, S. R., Silburn, S. R., Lawrence, D. M., Mitrou, F. G., Dalby, R. B., Blair, E. M., Griffin, J., & Li, J. (2005). The Western Australian Aboriginal child health survey: Forced separation from natural family, forced relocation from traditional country or homeland, and social and emotional wellbeing of Aboriginal children and young people. Curtin University of Technology and Telethon Institute for Child Health Research.

Downloads

Published

2022-12-14

How to Cite

Whitau, R., Bolton-Black, L., Ockerby, H., & Corley, L. (2022). Western Australian Aboriginal young women and community representatives identify barriers to school attendance and solutions to school non-attendance. The Australian Journal of Indigenous Education, 51(2). https://doi.org/10.55146/ajie.v51i2.22

Issue

Section

Articles